{"schemaVersion":2,"id":"tlg0086.tlg044.local001","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/","urn":"urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg044.local001","title":"Topica","titleGreek":null,"alternateTitles":[],"author":"Aristotle","authorityName":"ARISTOTELES Phil. et CORPUS AR-","authorUrl":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/authors/tlg0086-aristoteles-phil-et-corpus-ar/","authorityUrl":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/authors/tlg0086-aristoteles-phil-et-corpus-ar/","editors":["Immanuel Bekker"],"publication":{"digitalPublisher":"University of Leipzig","sourceTitle":"Aristotelis Opera","edition":null,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","place":"Oxford","date":"1837","volume":"1","series":null,"citation":null,"citationShort":null},"rights":{"text":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"provenance":{"authority":"A Digital Corpus for Graeco-Arabic Studies, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","sponsors":[],"funders":["Andrew W. Mellon Foundation"],"principal":null,"responsibilities":[{"role":"Keyboarding","names":[]}]},"corpus":{"version":"2.2.0","date":"2026-08-29"},"revisionDate":"2026-08-15","sourceUrl":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015027645400?urlappend=%3Bseq=262","sourceLinkType":null,"sourceRights":null,"citation":"Aristotle. Topica. ed. Immanuel Bekker. Aristotelis Opera, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1837. urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg044.local001","excerpt":"Ἡ ΜΕΝ πρόθεσις τῆς πραγματείας μέθοδον εὑρεῖν, ἀφ᾿ ἧς δυνησόμεθα συλλογίζεσθαι περὶ παντὸς τοῦ προτεθέντος προβλήματος ἐξ ἐνδόξων, καὶ αὐτοὶ λόγον ὑπέχοντες μηθὲν ἐροῦμεν ὑπεναντίον. Πρῶτον οὖν ῥητέον τί ἐστι συλλογισμὸς καὶ τίνες αὐτοῦ διαφοραί, ὅπως ληφθῇ ὁ διαλεκτικὸς συλλογισμός· τοῦτον γὰρ ζητοῦμεν κατὰ τὴν προκειμένην πραγματείαν. Ἔστι δὴ συλλογισμὸς λόγος ἐν ᾧ τεθέντων τινῶν ἕτερόν τι τῶν κειμένων ἐξ ἀνάγκης συμβαίνει διὰ τῶν κειμένων. Ἀπόδειξις μὲν οὖν ἐστίν, ὅταν ἐξ ἀληθῶν καὶ πρώτων ὁ συλλογισμὸς ᾖ, ἢ ἐκ τοιούτων ἃ διά τινων πρώτων καὶ ἀληθῶν τῆς περὶ αὐτὰ γνώσεως τὴν ἀρχὴν εἴληφεν· διαλεκτικὸς δὲ συλλογισμὸς ὁ ἐξ ἐνδόξων συλλογιζόμενος. Ἔστι δὲ ἀληθῆ μὲν καὶ πρῶτα τὰ μὴ δι᾿ ἑτέρων ἀλλὰ δι᾿ αὑτῶν ἔχοντα τὴν πίστιν· οὐ δεῖ γὰρ ἐν ταῖς ἐπιστημονικαῖς ἀρχαῖς ἐπιζητεῖσθαι τὸ διὰ τί, ἀλλ᾿ ἑκάστην τῶν ἀρχῶν αὐτὴν καθ᾿ ἑαυτὴν εἶναι πιστήν. Ἔνδοξα δὲ τὰ δοκοῦντα πᾶσιν ἢ τοῖς…","divisions":[{"label":"Book 1","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/#tlg0086-tlg044-local001-1"},{"label":"Book 2","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/#tlg0086-tlg044-local001-2"},{"label":"Book 3","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/#tlg0086-tlg044-local001-3"},{"label":"Book 4","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/#tlg0086-tlg044-local001-4"},{"label":"Book 5","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/#tlg0086-tlg044-local001-5"},{"label":"Book 6","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/#tlg0086-tlg044-local001-6"},{"label":"Book 7","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/#tlg0086-tlg044-local001-7"},{"label":"Book 8","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/#tlg0086-tlg044-local001-8"}],"formats":{"html":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001/","json":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/api/works/tlg0086.tlg044.local001.json","compressedReadingDocument":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086/tlg044/local001.json.gz"}}