{"schemaVersion":2,"id":"tlg0086.tlg045.local001","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg045.local001/","urn":"urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg045.local001","title":"περὶ Ἀρετῶν καὶ Κακιῶν","titleGreek":null,"alternateTitles":[],"author":"Aristotle","authorityName":"ARISTOTELES Phil. et CORPUS AR-","authorUrl":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/authors/tlg0086-aristoteles-phil-et-corpus-ar/","authorityUrl":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/authors/tlg0086-aristoteles-phil-et-corpus-ar/","editors":["Immanuel Bekker"],"publication":{"digitalPublisher":"Trustees of Tufts University","sourceTitle":"Aristotelis Opera","edition":null,"publisher":"Reimer","place":"Berlin","date":"1831","volume":"2","series":null,"citation":null,"citationShort":null},"rights":{"text":null,"url":null},"provenance":{"authority":"Perseus Project","sponsors":["Perseus Project, Tufts University"],"funders":["The Annenberg CPB/Project"],"principal":"Gregory Crane","responsibilities":[{"role":"Prepared under the supervision of","names":["Lisa Cerrato","William Merrill","Elli Mylonas","David Smith"]}]},"corpus":{"version":"2.2.0","date":"2026-08-29"},"revisionDate":"2026-08-15","sourceUrl":null,"sourceLinkType":null,"sourceRights":null,"citation":"Aristotle. περὶ Ἀρετῶν καὶ Κακιῶν. ed. Immanuel Bekker. Aristotelis Opera, Berlin, Reimer, 1831. urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg045.local001","excerpt":"ἐπαινετὰ μέν ἐστι τὰ καλά, ψεκτὰ δὲ τὰ αἰσχρά. καὶ τῶν μὲν καλῶν ἡγοῦνται αἱ ἀρεταί, τῶν δʼ αἰσχρῶν αἱ κακίαι. ἐπαινετὰ δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ τὰ αἴτια τῶν ἀρετῶν καὶ τὰ παρεπόμενα ταῖς ἀρεταῖς καὶ τὰ γινόμενα ἀπʼ αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν, ψεκτὰ δὲ τὰ ἐναντία. τριμεροῦς δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς λαμβανομένης κατὰ Πλάτωνα, τοῦ μὲν λογιστικοῦ ἀρετή ἐστιν ἡ φρόνησις, τοῦ δὲ θυμοειδοῦς ἥ τε πραότης καὶ ἡ ἀνδρεία, τοῦ δὲ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ ἥ τε σωφροσύνη καὶ ἡ ἐγκράτεια, ὅλης δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἥ τε δικαιοσύνη καὶ ἡ ἐλευθεριότης καὶ ἡ μεγαλοψυχία. κακία δʼ ἐστὶ τοῦ μὲν λογιστικοῦ ἡ ἀφροσύνη, τοῦ δὲ θυμοειδοῦς ἥ τε ὀργιλότης καὶ ἡ δειλία, τοῦ δὲ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ ἥ τε ἀκολασία καὶ ἡ ἀκράτεια, ὅλης δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἥ τε ἀδικία καὶ ἀνελευθεριότης καὶ μικροψυχία. ἔστι δὲ φρόνησις μὲν ἀρετὴ τοῦ λογιστικοῦ, παρασκευαστικὴ τῶν πρὸς εὐδαιμονίαν συντεινόντων. πραότης δʼ ἐστὶν ἀρετὴ τοῦ θυμοειδοῦς, καθʼ ἣν ὑπὸ ὀργῆς γίνονται δυσκίνητοι. ἀνδρεία…","divisions":[{"label":"§ 1249","url":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg045.local001/1-1249/"}],"formats":{"html":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086.tlg045.local001/","json":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/api/works/tlg0086.tlg045.local001.json","compressedReadingDocument":"https://thegreeklibrary.org/works/tlg0086/tlg045/local001.json.gz"}}